Dictionary of human intestinal organoid responses to secreted niche factors at single cell resolution
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Dictionary of human intestinal organoid responses to secreted niche factors at single cell resolution.
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium plays a critical role in health and disease, yet the impact of microenvironmental cues in diseased contexts, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), remains poorly defined. To address this gap, we first benchmarked human colonic organoid injury models against IBD tissue and established a disease-relevant model of inflammation using inflammatory cytokines. Using this system, we built a dictionary of epithelial responses to 79 secreted niche factors at single cell resolution via donor-pooled, multiplexed single cell RNA-sequencing. The comprehensive nature of our atlas allowed us to map relationships between perturbations, infer the function of less characterized ligands, and identify cell type-specific perturbed pathways. Finally, we established the relevance of organoid-derived gene programs by mapping them to single cell and spatial atlases of human IBD tissue. Our resource offers a global view of epithelial responses to microenvironmental cues, offering insights into epithelial homeostasis and repair mechanisms in IBD.
doi:10.1038/s41467-025-68247-6 ↗ PMID 41513700 ↗ PMC12891662 ↗
Study facts
- Organism
- Homo sapiens
- Platform
- 10X Chromium X
- Age group
- adult
- Disease groups
- —
- Anatomical sites
- transverse colon
Data availability
- Processed matrix
File types
ROBJ
Files and samples
- filelist.txt ↗
- GSE313368_Combined_Pool_Merge_Harmonized_Donor_Only.Robj.gz ↗
- GSE313368_Cultrex_3Experiment_Merge.Robj.gz ↗
- GSE313368_Cytomix_vs_DSS_Harmony_Merge.Robj.gz ↗
- GSE313368_DNW_3_Donor_Atlas_Harmonized.robj.gz ↗
- GSE313368_Injury_Merge_Small.Robj.gz ↗
- GSE313368_RAW.tar ↗
- GSM9367085_sunbio_3_donor_3_atlas.Robj.gz ↗
- index.html ↗
- NONE ↗
- colon organoid36
- Colon3
| Accession | Sample | Tissue | Molecule |
|---|---|---|---|
GSM9367054 |
Cytomix_Secretome, Pool 1, GEX | colon organoid | polyA RNA |
GSM9367055 |
Cytomix_Secretome, Pool 1, HTO | colon organoid | polyA RNA |
GSM9367056 |
Cytomix_Secretome, Pool 2, GEX | colon organoid | polyA RNA |
GSM9367057 |
Cytomix_Secretome, Pool 2, HTO | colon organoid | polyA RNA |
GSM9367058 |
Cytomix_Secretome, Pool 3, GEX | colon organoid | polyA RNA |
GSM9367059 |
Cytomix_Secretome, Pool 3, HTO | colon organoid | polyA RNA |
GSM9367060 |
Cytomix_Secretome, Pool 4, GEX | colon organoid | polyA RNA |
GSM9367061 |
Cytomix_Secretome, Pool 4, HTO | colon organoid | polyA RNA |
GSM9367062 |
Cytomix_Secretome, Pool 5, GEX | colon organoid | polyA RNA |
GSM9367063 |
Cytomix_Secretome, Pool 5, HTO | colon organoid | polyA RNA |
GSM9367064 |
Cytomix_Secretome, Pool 6, GEX | colon organoid | polyA RNA |
GSM9367065 |
Cytomix_Secretome, Pool 6, HTO | colon organoid | polyA RNA |
GSM9367066 |
Cytomix_Secretome, Pool 7, GEX | colon organoid | polyA RNA |
GSM9367067 |
Cytomix_Secretome, Pool 7, HTO | colon organoid | polyA RNA |
GSM9367068 |
Cytomix_Secretome, Pool 8, GEX | colon organoid | polyA RNA |
GSM9367069 |
Cytomix_Secretome, Pool 8, HTO | colon organoid | polyA RNA |
GSM9367070 |
Injury Atlas, Control 1 | colon organoid | polyA RNA |
GSM9367071 |
Injury Atlas, DSS High | colon organoid | polyA RNA |
GSM9367072 |
Injury Atlas, Irradiation Low | colon organoid | polyA RNA |
GSM9367073 |
Injury Atlas, Irradiation High | colon organoid | polyA RNA |
GSM9367074 |
Injury Atlas, Control 2 | colon organoid | polyA RNA |
GSM9367075 |
Injury Atlas, DSS Low | colon organoid | polyA RNA |
GSM9367076 |
Injury Atlas, Disociation t0 | colon organoid | polyA RNA |
GSM9367077 |
Injury Atlas, Dissociation 4hr | colon organoid | polyA RNA |
GSM9367078 |
Injury Atlas,Disociation 8hr | colon organoid | polyA RNA |
GSM9367079 |
Injury Atlas, Dissociation 24hr | colon organoid | polyA RNA |
GSM9367080 |
Injury Atlas, Cytomix GEX | colon organoid | polyA RNA |
GSM9367081 |
Injury Atlas, Cytomix HTO | colon organoid | polyA RNA |
GSM9367082 |
Cultrex Experiment 1 | colon organoid | polyA RNA |
GSM9367083 |
Cultrex Experiment 2 | colon organoid | polyA RNA |
GSM9367084 |
Cultrex Experiment 3 | colon organoid | polyA RNA |
GSM9367085 |
Microwell Experiment 1 | colon organoid | polyA RNA |
GSM9367086 |
Donor 1 Colon Tissue | Colon | polyA RNA |
GSM9367087 |
Donor 2 Colon Tissue | Colon | polyA RNA |
GSM9367088 |
Donor 3 Colon Tissue | Colon | polyA RNA |
GSM9367089 |
Cytomix vs DSS, Cytomix, GEX | colon organoid | polyA RNA |
GSM9367090 |
Cytomix vs. DSS, Cytomix, HTO | colon organoid | polyA RNA |
GSM9367091 |
Cytomix vs. DSS, DSS, GEX | colon organoid | polyA RNA |
GSM9367092 |
Cytomix vs. DSS, DSS, HTO | colon organoid | polyA RNA |
Strengths & limitations for reuse
Strengths
- Raw reads are advertised
- Processed matrices are advertised
- Cell metadata are advertised
- Participant mapping is available
- Participant counts are documented
Limitations
- Not documented: raw counts are advertised
Extraction evidence & provenance
Each extracted field is shown with the source excerpt and location used to resolve it.
Assay
| Field | Value | Evidence |
|---|---|---|
assay.assay_type |
single-cell RNA sequencing |
For scRNA-seq experiments, organoids were dissociated Section |
assay.library_chemistry |
10x 3’ high throughput kit |
For the perturbation dataset, the 10x 3’ high throughput kit was used. Section |
assay.platform |
10X Chromium X |
loaded onto a 10X Chromium X according to manufacturer instructions Section |
assay.reference_genome |
GRCh38-2020-A |
Sequenced reads were aligned using the human reference genome GRCh38-2020-A Section |
assay.sequencing_type |
scrna_seq |
via donor-pooled, multiplexed single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) Section |
Cohort
| Field | Value | Evidence |
|---|---|---|
cohort.age_group |
adult inferred |
Sections of human transverse colon were provided by Donor Network West from deceased patients with no history of intestinal disease. Section |
cohort.disease_activity_metadata_available |
False inferred |
from deceased patients with no history of intestinal disease Section |
cohort.non_ibd_controls |
3 inferred |
Sections of human transverse colon were provided by Donor Network West from deceased patients with no history of intestinal disease. Section |
cohort.study_design |
cross_sectional inferred |
Organoids were collected for scRNA-seq on day 8 post-seeding. Section |
cohort.total_participants |
3 |
For the perturbation atlas, organoids from 2 female donors and 1 male donor were used. Section |
cohort.treatment_exposure_documented |
True |
human recombinant proteins corresponding to the 79 selected perturbations (Supplementary Data 13 ) were applied to each well in an arrayed format. Section |
cohort.treatment_response_metadata_available |
True |
we generated a molecular dictionary of epithelial responses to secreted niche factors in human colon organoids across 3 donors via multiplexed scRNA-seq Section |
Data_Assets
| Field | Value | Evidence |
|---|---|---|
data_assets.analysis_code |
False inferred |
index.html Section |
data_assets.cell_metadata |
True inferred |
Supplementary files format and content: Processed Seurat objects (.Robj) Section |
data_assets.environment_or_container_info |
False inferred |
scRNA-seq data was processed using CellRanger and resulting count matrices were analyzed using (v5.0.2) in Rstudio (v4.2.1). Section |
data_assets.open_access |
True |
Public on Dec 11 2025 Section |
data_assets.participant_metadata |
True |
the souporcell algorithm was used to distinguish between organoids from unique donors Section |
data_assets.processed_matrix |
True |
Supplementary files format and content: Processed Seurat objects (.Robj) Section |
data_assets.raw_counts |
False inferred |
Supplementary files format and content: Processed Seurat objects (.Robj) Section |
data_assets.raw_reads |
True |
GSE313368_RAW.tar Section |
Processing
| Field | Value | Evidence |
|---|---|---|
processing.ambient_rna_correction_reported |
False inferred |
Doublets were removed from data using the DoubletFinder algorithm Section |
processing.batch_correction_reported |
True |
data was batch-corrected using the Harmony algorithm Section |
processing.cell_type_annotation_method |
Seurat FindTransferAnchors/TransferData with manual cleanup |
Cell-type annotation was performed by applying FindTransferAnchors and TransferData using our matched colonic tissue reference atlas, and then manually cleaning up annotations Section |
processing.doublet_detection_reported |
True |
Doublets were removed from data using the DoubletFinder algorithm Section |
processing.normalization_method |
not specified inferred |
resulting count matrices were analyzed using (v5.0.2) in Rstudio (v4.2.1) Section |
processing.quality_control_reported |
True |
After filtering and quality control, we obtained 169,996 cells Section |
Specimens
| Field | Value | Evidence |
|---|---|---|
specimens.anatomical_sites |
['transverse colon'] |
Sections of human transverse colon were provided by Donor Network West Section |
specimens.inflamed_status_available |
True |
low-dose cytomix (10 ng/mL TNFɑ, 10 ng/mL IFNɣ, 1 ng/mL IL1β) was applied to the organoids Section |
specimens.number_of_cells |
169996 |
After filtering and quality control, we obtained 169,996 cells Section |
specimens.number_of_samples |
249 |
After filtering and quality control, we obtained 169,996 cells with 3 donors ×83 perturbations, for a total of 249 independent conditions. Section |
specimens.participant_to_sample_mapping_available |
True |
the souporcell algorithm was used to distinguish between organoids from unique donors Section |
specimens.specimen_type |
mixed inferred |
We developed 4 epithelial injury models starting from homeostatic primary colon organoids derived from 3 human donors. Section |